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How you approach your research task may vary depending on your research question. However, the approach below works well with legal problem-solving methodologies such as IRAC.

What is IRAC?

IRAC is a legal problem-solving methodology commonly used in Australian law schools. Researchers using the IRAC method should identify the:

  • Issue — state legal issues that are relevant
  • Rule — state the legal rule found in legislation or case law
  • Application — apply the rules to the facts
  • Conclusion.
A diagram with arrows moving forwards through three consecutive stages. Stage one is the Analyse and Plan stage for identifying facts and legal issues. Stage two is the research stage for finding and evaluating resources. Stage three relates to applying the law.
Figure 1: Diagram of the legal research strategy by UQ Library in UQ Legal Research Essentials used under CC-BY-NC 4.0

Analyse and plan

Analysing your research question involves identifying the appropriate area of law and any relevant legal issues at play. If you are researching a problem-based scenario, you should pay especially careful attention to:

  • jurisdiction
  • dates and timeline of events
  • persons involved.

These facts will affect how you formulate your research question, as well as which websites, databases, and sources of legal information you will need to consult.

Research the law

At this stage, you should focus on identifying the legal rules found in legislation and case law because this is what you will need to restate in your writing.

Secondary to primary

When you are new to legal research or unfamiliar with an area of law, proceeding from general information (secondary sources) to more specific, authoritative information (primary sources) is a good approach. Secondary sources are written by subject-matter experts who can efficiently lead you to the key authorities you will need to use.

Alternatively, if you feel like you have a good grasp of the area of law and legal principles at play, you may wish to move straight to primary sources to answer your legal question.

Keeping up to date with the law

Once you have found your authorities, you need to make sure that they are up-to-date. Has the case you are relying on been reversed on appeal? Has the Act and provision you wish to cite been amended recently?

Apply the law

Apply the law to the facts. Use plain English to express your thoughts and to indicate the best course of action to take as well as the likely outcome of taking that course. It is important to:

  • deal separately with each specific issue raised by the facts
  • refer to the points of law extracted from the various cases, legislation, or texts
  • have clarity of reasoning
  • list authorities for and against the argument
  • always conclude.

Statements setting out principles of law should be supported by authoritative resources, preferably primary sources.

Licence

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Legal Research Skills: An Australian Law Guide Copyright © 2023 by The University of Queensland, James Cook University, the University of Southern Queensland, Charles Darwin University, Southern Cross University, Queensland University of Technology, and Deakin University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.